Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of the Leaf and Fruit Essential Oils of the West African Plum, Vitex doniana

Vitex doniana (West African plum or black plum) is a plant with varying phytoconstituents and biological activities across different countries. In this study, essential oils extracted from the leaves fruits of cultivated in Ghana were investigated for their antimicrobial antioxidant activities. The actions determined using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phosphomolybdenum, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. For both oils, total capacities ranged 44 to 68 µg/g AAE, IC50 values H2O2 activity between 87 242 µg/mL, whereas that DPPH assay 322 599 µg/mL. TBARS also 247 414 broth dilution assay. minimum inhibition concentration 12.5 50 mg/mL. Biofilm inhibitory was evaluated fruit oil showed half-maximal biofilm formation (BIC50) at 44.40 ± 0.6 mg/mL, BIC50 value leaf 109.1 0.9 superior inhibiting secretion pyoverdine. Molecular docking analyses suggested methyl cinnamate, ethyl p-menth-4-en-3-one, trans-α-ionone, benzyl benzoate, isobutyl folic likely interacted LasR algC proteins, hence, contributed pyoverdine secretion. Essential could, therefore, be exploited as natural source agents could useful pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic industries.